FASCISM -THE ETERNAL RETURN
Fascism, Its Origins, Democratic Erosion, and the Rise of Technofascism PART ONE I. What Is Fascism? The Difficult Definition Fascism is one of the most misused words in political language. It is hurled as an insult, applied loosely, and often stripped of meaning through overuse. Yet it has a precise, historically grounded definition — and understanding that definition is the first step toward recognising its modern descendants. The political scientist Robert Paxton, whose 2004 work The Anatomy of Fascism remains definitive, defined fascism not as a fixed ideology but as a political behaviour: a mass movement that abandons ethical constraints in pursuit of national rebirth, internal purification, and domination, driven by the belief that decline can be reversed only through a strong leader and aggressive action. Fascism is less a coherent intellectual system than a set of mobilising passions. "Fascism is not an ideology you hold. It is a practice you enact — a way ...